Migliorare la memoria senza sforzo

Una semplice strategia per imparare meglio, ed è utile anche per studiare le lingue.

(English folows)

È risaputo che avere il cervello riposato aiuta l’apprendimento, infatti diversi studi confermano che una piccola “pausa di riposo” dopo aver studiato permette di ricordare tutto con maggiore efficienza. Inoltre aiuta non solo gli studenti, ma anche persone affette dal morbo di Alzheimer.

Avevo già notato che studiare dei concetti prima di andare a letto avesse degli effetti positivi sull’apprendimento. Per questa ragione ho creato il corso digitale “Buonanotte Preposizioni”, in cui bisogna ascoltare, preferibilmente prima di coricarsi, dei brevi clip audio in cui vengono elencate delle frasi da ripetere con lo scopo di facilitare l’uso delle preposizioni.

Una intensa attività notturna potrebbe essere la ragione per cui spesso impariamo le cose meglio prima di andare a letto. Tuttavia, i ricercatori hanno scoperto che questa dinamica non è limitata solo al sonno e che simili attività neuronali si verificano anche durante i periodi di veglia.

L’esatto meccanismo è ancora sconosciuto, anche se alcuni indizi ci arrivano da una crescente comprensione della formazione della memoria. Oggigiorno è ben riconosciuto che una volta che i ricordi sono stati inizialmente codificati, passano attraverso un periodo di consolidamento che li fissa nell’archiviazione a lungo termine. Una volta si pensava che ciò accadesse principalmente durante il sonno, in cui avviene un’accresciuta comunicazione tra l’ippocampo – dove si formano i ricordi per la prima volta – e la corteccia. Un processo che potrebbe costruire e rafforzare le nuove connessioni neurali necessarie per un successivo richiamo.

Forse il cervello impiega qualsiasi “tempo morto” per rafforzare ciò che ha appreso di recente e quindi ridurre le stimolazioni durante questo tempo può facilitare il processo. Sembrerebbe anche che danni neurologici possano rendere il cervello particolarmente vulnerabile a tale interferenza dopo aver appreso un nuovo ricordo, motivo per cui il periodo di riposo si è rivelato particolarmente favorevole per i sopravvissuti ad un ictus e le persone affette dal morbo di Alzheimer.

Dunque non è necessario dormire, basta solo evitare distrazioni per 10-15 minuti dopo lo studio e lasciare riposare la mente in tutta tranquillità. L’ideale sarebbe una “interferenza minima” durante la pausa evitando deliberatamente qualsiasi attività che possa compromettere il delicato compito della memorizzazione. Quindi non controllare le mail o navigare sul web sul tuo smartphone. Bisogna dare al cervello la possibilità di una ricarica completa senza distrazioni.

In conclusione non è vero che più sforzo facciamo più impariamo. È utile invece programmare periodi di riposo regolari, senza distrazioni, per aiutarci a trattenere un po’ più saldamente il nuovo materiale.
Nell’era del sovraccarico di informazioni, vale la pena ricordare che il nostro smartphone non è l’unica cosa che necessita di una ricarica regolare. Anche le nostre menti ne hanno chiaramente bisogno.

Prova a fare una “pausa di riposo” dopo aver studiato l’italiano e fammi sapere come va. Ricordi meglio i concetti studiati?

Leonardo da Vinci Studio del cervello umano: Descrizione dell'opera
Il cervello – studi anatomici di Leonardo da Vinci

English version –

Improve memory effortlessly – A simple strategy to learn better, also useful to study languages.
It is known that resting your brain helps learning, in fact several studies confirm that a small “restful break” after studying allows you to remember everything more efficiently. It helps not only students, but also people with Alzheimer’s disease.

I had already noticed that studying concepts before going to bed had positive effects on learning. For this reason I created the digital course “Buonanotte Preposizioni”, where you have to listen to, preferably before going to bed, short audio clips in which there are sentences to repeat with the aim of facilitating the use of prepositions.
Intense nighttime activity could be the reason why we often learn things better before going to bed. However, researchers found that this dynamic is not limited only to sleep and that similar neuronal activities also occur during waking periods.

The exact mechanism is still unknown, although some clues were found in a growing understanding of memory formation. Nowadays it is well recognized that once memories have been initially encoded, they go through a period of consolidation that fixes them in long-term archiving. It was once thought that this mainly happened during sleep, in which increased communication takes place between the hippocampus – where memories are formed for the first time – and the cortex. A process that could build and strengthen the new neural connections necessary for subsequent recall.

Perhaps the brain takes “downtime” to strengthen what it has recently learned, so reducing stimulation during this period can facilitate the process. It would also appear that neurological damage may make the brain particularly vulnerable to such interference after acquiring a new memory, which is why the rest period has proved to be particularly beneficial for stroke survivors and people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Therefore there is no need to sleep, just avoid distractions for 10-15 minutes after studying and let your mind rest quietly. Ideally having “minimal interference” during the break, deliberately avoiding any activity that could compromise the delicate task of memorization. So don’t check your emails or surf the web on your smartphone. The brain must be given the possibility of a full recharge without distraction.

In conclusion it’s not true that the more effort we make the more we learn. Instead, it is helpful to schedule regular rest periods, without distraction, to help us hold the new material a little more firmly.

In the era of information overload, it is worth remembering that our smartphone is not the only thing that needs regular charging. Even our minds clearly need it.

Try to take a small “restful break” after studying Italian and let me know how it goes. Do you remember the concepts studied better?


How to use time schedules in Italian

Come leggere le date e le ore in italiano

Do you know how to use time schedules in Italian…or book a table at a restaurant, read opening and closing information at la pasticceria or il museo, etc.?

Also, did you know that “ferie” from the Latin word “feria” meaning holiday / party, while “feriale” means work day (from Monday to Friday)?

“Today’s use of the feminine plural noun “ferie” maintains the original meaning of ‘festive period, mostly summer rest’ .The weekday adjective (from the Latin ferialis) follows, semantically, the ecclesiastical calendar and indicates the days of the week not holidays (not dedicated to the celebration of the solemnity of Jesus or of Our Lady), therefore working days. In French, however, the ancient meaning has remained in the formula “jours fériés”, ‘holidays’.” via Accademia della Crusca

These situations all require the use of the prepositions ”da” and ”a” in the following cases:

Day

from Monday to Friday – Da lunedì a venerdì

Month

from April to October – da aprile a ottobre

Date

from  the 7th to the 14 of August – dal 7 al 14 agosto

Time

from 10AM to 2PM – dalle 10 alle 14

Vocabolario:

giorno festivo – holiday

giorno feriale – weekday

chiuso – closed

aperto – open

giorno di chiusura – closed on…

orario – time schedule

orario estivo – summer schedule

orario invernale – winter schedule

pomeriggio chiuso – closed in the afternoon/lunchbreak

orario continuato – open in the afternoon/lunchbreak


Related image

Practice making appointments in the comments. Are there any other situations where you need to make an appointment in Italy?

Let me know in the comments!

 


Il Quizino – the Italian grammar video quiz | Past Participle #1

by Mirella Colalillo on January 23, 2015
 
 
Ho buone notizie! Come ti avevo accennato poco tempo fa, mi diverte molto creare animazioni e ho quindi deciso di unire l’utile al dilettevole.
 
Allora ecco “Il Quizino” (la “z” ha un suono forte), una serie di animazioni di grammatica italiana che sicuramente non ti faranno sbadigliare mentre impari la lingua, ma al contrario, ti divertirai anche studiando cose complicate.
 
In questo primo video metterai alla prova le tue conoscenze verbali e precisamente il participio passato di tre verbi irregolari.
 
Dopo il quiz fai pratica creando delle frasi e non dimenticarti di condividerle nei commenti!
 
La prossima settimana arriverà il secondo video!
 
Buona visione e felice studio!
 
Mirella

I have good news! As I mentioned recently, I really enjoy creating animations, so I decided to combine business with pleasure.
 
Here’s “Il Quizino” (the z” has a strong sound), a series of animated quizzes of Italian grammar that definitely will not make you yawn while you learn the language, but on the contrary, you’ll have fun also studying complicated things.
 
In this first video you will test your verb skills and precisely the past participle of three irregular verbs.
 
After the quiz practice making sentences and don’t forget to share them in the comments.
 
Next week the second video!
 
Enjoy the video and happy studies!
 
Mirella
 

Pronunciation Tip #1: “Practice Italian with a flawless speaker!”

Imagine learning lots of grammar and vocabulary only to discover that listeners find it hard to understand what you say…è terribile per la comunicazione!
Also, if you can’t pronounce a word correctly, then you may not be able to hear it when spoken by another person either… ancora più terribile per la comunicazione!

This is a very common problem so don’t fret (non ti allarmare). I put together 7 solutions to improve your pronunciation based on my experience teaching Italian and learning languages.

In this post I’ll share my 1st tip: “Practice Italian with a flawless speaker!”

“Learning proper Italian from the start saves you time and frustration later correcting what you’ve learned incorrectly.”

It can sometimes be very difficult to correct what you’ve learned incorrectly as it turned out for my friend who had a teacher in elementary school that was very passionate about English, but was hardly proficient enough to teach simple words, such as “apple”, which sounded more like “apele” (similar to the word “ape”, “scimmia” in Italian), although she knew all the grammar. Till this day, over 20 years later, my friend still struggles to pronounce “apple” properly.

His English teacher, also a relative of mine in my little town, wanted to share her passion and land a job, but teaching is a serious matter. When I started teaching English in Italy, although I had reached the advanced level C2, according to the “Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment”, I felt it would be fair to teach only levels A and B since I wasn’t speaking English on a daily basis and wouldn’t be able to teach successfully at a higher level.

Improvised language teachers are not a good deal!

So how do you know if a teacher speaks proper Italian?

Talk and listen to them a bit before jumping into it and, depending on whether the teacher is a native speaker or a non-native speaker, the pronunciation issues, if there are any, will differ.

I would ask both if they have any particular accents or regional intonation, hoping they’re aware and honest!

However, to be certain, I would go ahead and look out for more specific issues….

In the case of the native speaker pay attention to:

  • how they pronounce the grave or acute vowels such as in the words “verde” (the “e” is acute “vérde”), “cosa” (the “o” is grave “còsa”);
    “verde” correct:
  • “cosa” correct:

    • whether they tend to pronounce single consonants as double consonants instead; an example is “amore” sometimes mistakenly pronounced with a double “m” (the“o” is acute);
      “amore” correct:
    • whether they shorten the infinitives stressing the last vowel, like “mangià” instead of “mangiare”, “parlà”, instead of “parlare”, and so on;

    While you’re at it, you can also check some grammar, which will give you a better idea of their speaking accuracy:

    • how they say: “I hope you are well.” (correct: “spero che tu stia bene”),
    • how they say: “Can you speak Italian?” (correct: “sai parlare l’italiano?” – not ‘puoi’ parlare l’italiano?”);

    In the case of the non-native speaker, issues usually concern:

    • pronouncing the vowels,
    • stressing the words correctly,
    • pronouncing the “r”, the “t”, the “sch”, double consonants,
    • pronouncing the vowels at the end of the words and pronouncing them correctly (they are not all acute, only the ones with accents on them).

    A way to verify that they are flawless speakers is to find a short audio snippet and ask them to repeat it. You can find excellent and reliable audio from Italian language manuals.

    “Speaking properly is a form of respect for a language.”

    Let me know in the comments below what your experience has been learning Italian.

    Stay tuned for my next tip about my favourite language sharpener!

    If you liked this post please share & like!

    Grazie,
    Mirella